[2] JUSTT. 08. These codes are broken down into five different category. 2 – EMV Liability Shift Non-Counterfeit Fraud 10. Each card. 4: Other fraud: Card-absent environment: VCR Dispute Reason Code 13. Protect cardholder data. Values are: Blank: Use the receipt G/L date. 4 – Other Fraud, Card-Absent Environment. FR2 Fraud Full Recourse Program. Ineligible Transaction (International only) 79. 2 is the result of receiving a declined authorization but going ahead with the transaction anyway. Whether the CID — the four-digit security code on the front of the Card — matches the issuer’s records. Try Shopify free for 3 days, no credit card required. In order to fight a chargeback effectively, however, you'll need to know the reason code. Understanding these codes can help merchants understand why chargebacks are being filed and how to prevent them in the future. Your first step is to identify the chargeback reason code, which is a kind of shorthand that indicates why the transaction is being disputed. 5%. Chargeback Reason Codes List for Mastercard Chargeback Code Chargeback Reason 4801 Requested Transaction Data Not Received 4802 Requested / Required Information Illegible or Missing 4807 Warning Bulletin File 4808 Requested / Required Authorisation Not Obtained 4812 Account Number Not on File 4831. At the same time, the average chargeback costs $191, with merchants bearing more than two-thirds of the financial impact. In short, the bank didn’t have a clear, specific coding option to explain why it wanted to dispute a particular case. R03 Insufficient Reply. A few other common reason codes for Visa include late presentment; non-receipt of cash from ATM; invalid data; EMV liability shift non-counterfeit fraud; no authorization; canceled merchandise and fraud related to stolen cards on the card recovery bulletin. 11. These chargebacks will show up under reason codes that will, on first glance, appear legitimate. These reason codes indicate disputes that occur as a result of inaction or wrong action on either party’s part (merchant or cardholder). The Chargeback Reason is fraud-related and the Chargeback Notice identifies that one of the below chargeback codes (each, an "Acceptable Reason Code") applies: Acceptable Reason Codes. The scammer claims to be from the bank, and is seeking to confirm a specific transaction, which the victim denies. For example, suppose a cardholder filed a case about an order processing issue, and you disputed the chargeback. Together, we serve some 45,000. Not recognizing your billing descriptor on a statement. R13 No Reply. These numeric codes vary via card brands, yet all hypothetically fill the same need: to provide explanation behind the chargeback dispute. 7, "Compelling Evidence" Added Compelling Evidence policy that details incremental optional requirements that Merchants may provide to support Chargeback reversal requests. Our family of fintech professionals includes more than 400 members across North America, Europe, and Asia. R13 No Reply. To win a chargeback dispute as a merchant, you must have evidence that is compelling enough to persuade the cardholder’s bank to reevaluate the case. Get your complete guide to the new Visa reason codes, including all the detailed information, chargeback time limits, and other important information you need. 1: Services not provided or merchandise not received: VCR Dispute Reason Code 13. First Chargeback failed: Reason Code 4837 not allowed under “issuer auths, they own” chargeback rules: 100001: 400: INVALID_REQUEST: First Chargeback failed: Reason Code 4863 not allowed for authorized CAT transactions: 100001: 400: INVALID_REQUEST: First Chargeback failed: Reason Code 4863 not allowed for authorized face-to-face. [1] Sift. But cardholders and merchants have different time limits. The major card networks have unique reason code systems, and banks use separate tools. 3 is part of an updated and expanded revision of the legacy codes that indicated fraud, codes which were phased out under the Visa Claims Resolution initiative. Depending on the chargeback, the required evidence might consist of transaction receipts, particular authorization response codes, proof of delivery, correspondence with the customer, or any number of other specific documents. The first thing you should do when you receive a chargeback notification is to check the reason code that the card issuer assigns to the dispute. The Stakes: Ignoring reason codes can lead you to confuse valid chargebacks for problematic ones. A customer payment dispute, more commonly called a “chargeback,” happens when a cardholder disputes (challenges) a payment card transaction and asks the card-issuing bank to reverse it. As a merchant, you face the brunt of chargeback losses. However, you’re not alone; they create headaches for many players within the Mastercard ecosystem. Below stated are some, Chargeback Response but not every, examples of particular documents that could be used as proof: Verification codes (authorization, AVS, card security code, 3D Secure 2. Try Shopify free for 3 days, no credit card required. Chargebacks911 offers the most comprehensive chargeback management system available, backed by the industry's only performance-based ROI guarantee. 60 due to merchandise, fees, overhead, and other sources of loss. Values are: Blank: Use the draft G/L date. But, merchants should be aware that, eventually, everyone will be required to use the new designations. Chargeback guarantees usually carry some fine print—they may only cover certain chargeback reason codes, or only cover costs up to a certain dollar amount. If you choose to fight the chargeback, Amazon Pay will charge you a $20 Disputed Chargeback Fee. Visa’s process introduces four dispute categories and associated numerical labels (Fraud – 10, Authorization – 11, Processing Errors – 12, Consumer Disputes – 13) under which the renamed reason codes will be placed. These codes are established by the payment brands to categorize the incoming dispute requests by reason. ”. Now, compliance cases go through Visa Resolve Online (VROL). Approval Rating. 65 - Withdrawal limit exceeded: The transaction would exceed the. Major card networks including Visa, MasterCard, Discover and American Express have different reason code systems. 70 USD) 100001: 400: INVALID_REQUEST:. #4 step: The issuer assigns a chargeback reason code. Message. Our research suggests that friendly fraud will represent 61% of all chargebacks by 2023. Click on “report a problem” and select the transaction in question. This return reason code may only be used to return XCK entries. 98. Depending on the reason for the chargeback, your evidence needs to prove you: verified the identity of the shopper. F01. ONE reason code is an alphanumeric code selected from a fixed list by the issuing bank to indicate the reason of cardholder gave for requesting a chargeback. The following chargeback reason codes are related to EMV: Visa: 10. 2. “It’s a lot tougher with Mastercard because they only use four main codes. So don’t spend another second worrying about chargebacks. Reason codes are alphanumeric codes that provide the justification for granting a chargeback. You double and triple check your customer service records to see if the customer wrote in about the shipment (they haven’t), you check the tracking. What is a chargeback? March 10, 2023. In this article, you’ll learn the key takeaways for merchants: Visa standard chargeback regulations; 3 most common Visa dispute reason codes; New Visa mandate Compelling Evidence 3. If using any other currency than this, it should be equivalent to the specified amount. According to Discover, cardholders officially have 120 days from the date of the transaction to initiate a chargeback, although the network may accept claims filed outside of that window on a case-by. The Mastercard chargeback reason codes were condensed down in 2016, like the process that Visa just underwent with Visa Claims Resolution. But research by Javelin found that merchants dispute 43% of all chargebacks and succeed at 60% of those disputes. Merchants who receive a chargeback for a transaction placed with an American Express card may encounter reason code FR2, which indicates an unauthorized charge that the cardholder does not believe they should be responsible for paying. This is a fairly common chargeback reason that can. Processing Errors involve chargeback and disputes revolving around processing issues, late presentment, credit processed as charge, invalid card numbers, no show errors, incorrect charge amounts. 2 chargeback if you override a declined, referral, or pickup authorization message, but process the transaction anyway. Then, the crook attempts to trick the victim into disclosing personal account information (account number, routing information, SSN, etc. This extra step can be frustrating for Card Members and lead to lost sales. A Product Not Delivered chargeback means the customer believes they did not receive the goods or services they purchased. Incorrect transaction amount or account number. By entering your email, you agree to receive marketing emails from Shopify. For example, a thief takes someone’s card data and makes a purchase at a store. It is subject to change and may not include every currently known dispute reason code. Reason code 4853 falls under the broad category “Cardholder Dispute,” meaning the cardholder is saying something about the transaction is wrong. Reason codes vary by card brand. A chargeback happens when a customer requests for a transaction to be reversed. Some credit card companies also include a short phrase describing the code and chargeback. Your chargeback response must include at least one of the following items: Proof the transaction was authorized and presented within the allotted time frame. These codes are notoriously inaccurate; in fact, first-party fraud is predicated on reason codes being inaccurate. For example, the merchant bills the cardholder in installments. It’s even more frustrating if you don’t understand what the chargeback code means. There are two parts to this. A risk department can accurately analyze what the issue is with their merchant by seeing the individual reason code,” Cirone explained. United States. Protect stored cardholder data. 5 billion lost in 2020. Try Shopify free for 3 days, no credit card required. . Learn more about Mastercard chargeback reason codes. Common Point of Purchase: Data stolen from a merchant’s system is used to make fraudulent transactions. The chargeback transfers funds from the acquirer to the issuer. Here’s how. You can see a reason code 11. This provided a number of insights into the typical. If the customer’s story matches. With the chargeback code in hand, the merchant can now review the transaction. . How long can the issuer wait to file a chargeback? A good faith investigation can be launched up to two years after the original transaction. This can be transaction receipts, proof of. 4% of all transactions worldwide are made with EMV chip cards, which has led to a precipitous drop in card-present fraud. See our Automated Clearing House (ACH) support article if you are looking for ACH Return Codes. The issuing bank will then pass on the chargeback to the merchant. While you obviously don’t want customers to cancel their service, a cancelation is far better than a chargeback. The reason_code will be one of the following values: chargeback_reimbursement: The gross shows positive if the chargeback was resolved in the seller's favor, and the seller gets a refund. Also, just like American Express, Discover functions as both a card network and an. Accessed October 31, 2022. At Visa they used to receive reason code 98. It’s typical to see fraud chargebacks roll in 2-3 months after the initial charges took place. Customer Dispute. Thus, the easiest way to prevent chargeback reason code 75 from being. chargeback_settlement: The gross shows negative if the chargeback was resolved in the buyer's favor, and the funds return to the buyer. Vendors that do not have a well-drafted shipping and order fulfillment policy are susceptible to this category of Shopify chargebacks. What stands out about the Discover reason codes list, though, is most of the codes are alphabetically-noted rather than numeric. A credit card chargeback is when a bank returns money to you because a credit card charge was fraudulent or you bought something online that wasn’t delivered or was. When a cardholder disputes a charge, their issuing bank will review the transaction and decide if. 0) Email conversations with the customer; Contracts; Digital usage logsChapter 6: Visa Chargeback Reason Codes; Chapter 7: Chargeback responses; Chapter 8: Chargeback response templates; Chapter 9: Chargeback accounting; Chapter 10: Arbitration; Chapter 11: Fraud filters; How to Create the Best Chargeback Responses. This code applies when valid authorization for a transaction was required but not obtained, and the merchant processed the transaction anyway. Chargeback Reason Codes for MasterCard. Type. 9808 [email protected] immediately identifies a chargeback as being the result of first-party misuse. com Europe. Merchants. There are two parts to this. Breakdown your chargeback data by some of the variables you collected in step #2: marketing source, product type, issuer BIN, customer’s country, reason code, price, billing cycle, and lag time (amount of time between the transaction and the dispute). 2 Declined Authorization. The situation grows more tenuous when you realize most of those chargebacks were likely the result of friendly fraud. Here the cardholder is claiming that you were supposed to provide them with a refund, but no credit has been applied to their account. A reason code will be provided. In some cases, errors can be resolved and reversed, but there is no equivalent to chargeback representment when it comes to ACH. According to a study released by Juniper Research, ecommerce businesses were projected to lose roughly $20 billion in 2021 due to fraud, an 18% increase over the $17. 4. 4 to this dispute, indicating the purchase was fraudulent in a card-not-present environment. 4853 – Cardholder Dispute – Goods or Services Not as Described or Defective. By entering your email, you agree to receive marketing emails from Shopify. If you accept credit cards, you accept that some customers will request refunds. A chargeback can happen when a customer initiates a transaction dispute. Chargeback amount is equal to or less than the exceeded limited /authorised amount. For first chargebacks, Mastercard currently only has 9 reason codes in use, with a few others in the process of being phased out. This chargeback reason code is also referred to as “Point-of-Interaction” Errors. Blog Read helpful tips, industry insights, and articles to create the most effective chargeback management strategy. Most chargebacks are violations of the rules and regulations established by a payment brand, such as Visa®, MasterCard® or debit network. reason code information. Discover: Reason Code 4755 Non-receipt of goods or services. 7. Chargeback Reason Codes; BIN Lookup; ROI Tool; Company. While every card system has its own particular exceptional arrangement of chargeback reason codes, the categories are fundamentally very similar. Card issuers and card networks deem certain chargeback codes to be nearly indisputable by merchants, and as a result, a merchant can be charged a fee of up to $500 by card networks for submitting a dispute of such chargebacks. 3. Take, for example, a reason code 4853 chargeback claiming that merchandise or services ordered were not received. 11, 16 November 2015, Elimination. Pre- Compliance Chargebacks & Reason Code 98 Explained Chargeback Gurus 773 subscribers Subscribe Share 459 views 2 years ago Ready to see how. . Chargeback reason code 12. 4 Other Fraud Card Absent. These are only a handful of common Visa chargeback reason codes. Administrative returns (R02, R03, R04): 3%. Chargeback Reason Code 62—Counterfeit fraud pertains to the EMV liability shift. Reason codes give merchants information about the cause of a chargeback and what evidence. This may be done by either the merchant or the issuing bank. ) has its own reason code system, so sellers should carefully check the card used for the transaction. 2. Example: 25. The process is often troublesome; most times, reason codes do not show the actual basis why customer is disputing a transaction. We want to clarify: this doesn’t imply that a transaction ID can reliably prevent chargebacks and fraud. g. 4853 – Cardholder Dispute – Digital Goods Purchase of $25 or Less. These companies can also handle the entire representment process. Under reason code 85, the minimum transaction amount required to initiate chargeback should be at least $25. A well-structured rebuttal letter should address the chargeback reason code, clearly explaining why the cardholder's dispute is not legitimate and why the funds should be returned to you. Pursuant to the Fair Credit Billing Act of 1974, cardholders have the right to dispute unauthorized or erroneous charges, and issuing banks must reverse a disputed transaction if the cardholder’s claim. Chargeback fees can start at US$25 and go up from there. Reasons a customer may initiate a chargeback include: Ordering a product and not receiving it. Chargeback Reason Codes by Industry. Your business may not have to handle all chargeback cases — the processor will provide automatic representation in some instances. Fight; Prevent;. ; Resources. 4. And chargeback guarantees aren't without. Betty's issuing bank assigned chargeback reason code 10. 15% - the number of chargebacks initiated by cardholders due to retailers shipping the wrong product. FAQs About Visa Chargebacks How does a Visa chargeback work? Chargebacks begin when a cardholder disputes a charge. August 2021 Marks the 10 th Anniversary of Chargebacks911®. Then they instruct the merchant’s acquiring bank to reverse the transaction and withdraw the funds from the merchant account. Discover uses unique codes to explain those reasons to merchants. To help you identify what happened, look up the code you received for the dispute below. These are only a handful of common Visa chargeback reason codes. 5 Removed unused Visa (60) and Discover (4580) Chargeback Codes Added Section 1. Chargeback time frames - A specific period during which a chargeback can be raised. Mastercard Chargeback Reason Code 73: Duplicate Transaction. M49 Vehicle Rental – Theft or Loss of Use. Proof that the. A few days later, the same order, but with a different chargeback code of 98-Compliance Chargeback CB_RTM. 1003 - Transaction Supporting Document (TSD) needed. Chargeback reason codes are codes used to categorize the reason for the dispute. ” This code indicates the merchant waited too long to finish processing a transaction, and the account was no longer in good standing when the transaction was completed. Early Warning: Reaching a chargeback ratio of 0. 3 No Authorization. Reason codes are alphanumeric codes that provide the justification to awarding a chargeback. When filing a chargeback, the issuing bank chooses a reason code from the list for the applicable card network. They were mandated by the Internal Revenue Service in 2004 to facilitate tax reporting. The great piece of news for the merchant is that the pre-compliance dispute doesn’t influence the chargeback ratio. The time limits for responding to a chargeback also vary based on the card scheme and the chargeback reason code. Next, the issuer passes along all information about the dispute, including the chargeback reason code, to the card network. Reason Code 53 chargeback can be re-presented in one of the following circumstances: chargeback is invalid or a credit was processed. For more information on these and other updates, check out our complete chargeback reason. 7: Defective goods and services: C32: RM: 13. How you respond is determined by the chargeback reason code: Embed This Graphic. 1: Use the corresponding dates from the invoice. These disputes are commonly referred to as friendly fraud. These chargeback reason codes are broken down into four categories: fraud, authorization, processing errors, and service disputes. UA10 Request Transaction Receipt (swiped card transactions) UA11 Cardholder claims fraud (swiped transaction, no signature) Chargeback reason American Express reason code Discover reason code Mastercard reason code Visa reason code; Cancelled subscription: C28: NF: 4841: 13. Pre-compliance chargebacks are an alternative way Visa helps to resolve situations where there has been a violation of the internal network regulations. American Express chargeback reason code C02 falls under the “Card Member Disputes” category. Merchants can find a. Now, 10. A reason code is an alphanumeric string of text an issuing bank attaches to a chargeback dispute to explain its cause. merchant_blacklist. The terminal action codes are in Table 122 of the 4. Category. For merchants, the deadline to respond is 30 days for Visa chargebacks and 45 days for Mastercard chargebacks. Because there are many reasons for which customers may file a chargeback, Discover issues an accompanying chargeback reason code with each chargeback. They give consumers recourse against fraud and errors, which preserves public confidence in credit and debit card payments. Chargeback reason codes can change with new information. If the merchant has a signature showing that the order was delivered, or evidence that the. A chargeback is a reversal of funds following a debit or credit card purchase, set in motion when the customer files a dispute over the charge with their bank or credit card provider. In this instance, the cardholder claims a misrepresentation of the order they received, such as a defect, damage, counterfeit, or incomplete merchandise. ACH return codes are a type of shorthand for specific information concerning the return, much like the card decline codes or dispute reason codes used by credit card networks. But friendly fraud is much more ambiguous. From there, the merchant can look up the code to figure out what the dispute is about. This reason code is used when the cardholder claims that their card was used fraudulently without their permission. Reasons for a second filing might include the discovery of new information or a change of the reason code. A reason code is an alphanumeric code that explains the reason behind the dispute. The reason for the dispute was false or inaccurate. If you believe you have received an ACH return in error, you can contact your bank. 4808 Authorization-Related Chargeback. 4812 Account Number Not On File. Across open networks and include account numbers sent over email, instant messaging, text, or chat. Card networks send these codes to merchants to indicate. Chargeback reason code 4837: No Cardholder Authorization applies in situations where customers claim a card transaction was unauthorized, but do not feel the issue can be resolved through the merchant. Most Common Chargeback Reason Codes #3: Order Significantly Not as Described. 3 is an updated version of legacy Visa reason code 72, which was phased out under the Visa Claims Resolution initiative. Discover chargeback reason code 7030. Build & Submit a Representment Case in 4 Stepsprenotification of chargeback, depending on the chargeback reason code, to the agency requesting additional documentation to properly dispute and remedy the chargeback. . • Chargeback – a message sent via the card brand network to debit the merchant and credit the issuer for a cardholder dispute. Ethoca alerts can prevent chargebacks before they hit your bank account. ADDL = Vantiv has the sales draft on file and is requesting additional documentation as required by the chargeback reason code. These codes are established by the payment brands to categorize the incoming dispute requests by reason. The ECI value tells you what to do next in a 3DS transaction — proceed, reject the purchase, or try again. Once you know why a chargeback happened, you can start building a case to address the claims that were made. You can attempt to work with the customer on a resolution and potentially have the chargeback reversed. They may also have requirements that must be met in order for a transaction to be eligible for coverage, such as delivery confirmation. Visa chargebacks can be a major inconvenience for merchants. This chargeback occurs when merchants do not adequately provide currency information. Additional data from Mastercard shows that global chargeback volume reached 615 million in 2021. The claim often, but not always, involves automated teller machines (ATMs). This code tells you why the customer or bank initiated the dispute. Check the chargeback reason code. ACH return codes and explanations for R01 – R33 returns. 77. chargeback: The buyer filed a chargeback with the credit card issuer. 4 spec (Section 8. A false decline on a credit card or debit transaction occurs when a legitimate card purchase is rejected by mistake. 4512:Change of Chargeback Reason to an Authorization-related Chargeback Replace ‘Change of Reason within the Cardholder Dispute Chargeback’ with this section. You win, but a second dispute is filed: The issuer has the right to file a second chargeback for the same transaction. The chargeback timeline can be based on one of several start dates: If the delivery date or service performance date was not specified, the issuer must wait at least 30 calendar days after the transaction processing date to initiate the chargeback but not exceed 120 calendar days. First Chargeback failed: Reason Code 4837 not allowed under “issuer auths, they own” chargeback rules: 100001: 400: INVALID_REQUEST:Here is an overview of how the general chargeback process works with most major processors (we’ll get into how Square does it down below) Step 1: A purchase occurs. Retrieval Request/ Copy request Reason Codes. Most acquiring banks put a timeframe on when customers can initiate a chargeback for a purchase. The shorthand description is “Cancelled Recurring Transaction. 2 falls under the “Consumer Disputes” category. Reason Code. Check with the issuing banks to determine what time limits may apply to you. 4853 – Cardholder Dispute – Goods or Services Not Provided. Both EFM and ECM measure compliance at the MID level. Below is a list of Mastercard chargeback codes used in eCommerce. Description of Change Where to Look • Require cardholder letter, email or Expedited Dispute Form in first chargebacks for Cardholder Disputes reason codes involvingChargeback Reason Codes All received credit card disputes include a reason code. This code helps you identify the exact cause of the dispute. Chargeback reason codes. We would like to submit compelling evidence that the purchase was legitimate. Some Mastercard reason codes (4808, 4870, and 4871) proceed directly to arbitration if the issuer does not accept the merchant's representment. For merchants, the deadline to respond is 30 days for Visa chargebacks and 45 days for Mastercard chargebacks. . Below are some examples of more common reason codes. The exact time frame will vary based on factors such as the reason code or the card network. Chargeback representment succeeds when you can present your rebuttal concisely and substantiate. Additionally, one clearing transaction. In most cases, though, cardholders have 120 days after the original purchase date to dispute the charge. Learn about the different chargeback reason codes and what they mean. At their core, false declines are legitimate transactions that get blocked on the suspicion of fraud without any fraud actually occurring. About American Express chargeback reason codes. 1. 3 No Authorization. Chargeback reason code description – An explanation which provides the reason of raising a chargeback by the cardholder. Understanding these codes can help merchants understand why chargebacks are being filed and how to prevent them in the future. Shopify Payments Chargeback Reason Code #5: Product Not Delivered. If one member believed the other violated a Visa rule when handling a chargeback, they filed a pre-compliance chargeback for compensation. prenotification of chargeback, depending on the chargeback reason code, to the agency requesting additional documentation to properly dispute and remedy the chargeback. There are tricks you might use to circumvent an undesirable authorization message, such as not requesting authorization at all, or making multiple attempts on a declined card. A chargeback reason code is a 2-to-4-digit alphanumeric code given by the issuing bank tangled in a chargeback. There are multiple situations in which this can occur. “Visa has 28 different reason codes. Visa categorizes these types of disputes as “first-party misuse” under their reason code 10. Also, they’ll often issue a provisional credit to the customer until there is an investigation on the claim. Please note that each card network (MasterCard, VISA, American Express, etc. When a card is declined, it is in your best interest to accept that answer and either cancel the transaction or ask for a different form of payment. Required Authorization Not Obtained. There is a violation of a Visa or MasterCard rule, for which there is no chargeback reason code. Any time. Check the chargeback reason code. Step #2 | Report the Scam to PayPal. 04/04/16 Added American Express Chargeback and Retrieval Reason Codes. Please see the below “cheat sheet” for the new 4 byte reason codes. Mastercard Chargeback Reason Codes. Whenever an incorrect account number is processed, or the. However, the disputes themselves are still categorized by the issuing bank based on the card network issuing the card. The assigned chargeback reason code outlines why a customer submitted the dispute. Faxing and Mailing Agencies: There is a violation of a Visa or MasterCard rule, for which there is no chargeback reason code. chargeback_settlement: The gross shows negative if the chargeback was resolved in the buyer's favor, and the funds return to the buyer. 4 Funding Process. The chargeback process starts when a customer (or, less frequently, their issuing bank) challenges a transaction as invalid. Thanks for following the Chargeback Gurus blog. Chargeback prevention strategies vary based on the reason for the. The payment was declined because the card is reported lost. This will be referenced in the chargeback notice you received. 6. 6. MASTERCARD 98 Good Faith Collection Other NO YES MASTERCARD 99 Pre-Compliance Other NO YES Chargeback Reason Codes Page 2 of 5. Chargeback reason codes will usually provide specific information about what kind of evidence is needed to get the chargeback reversed. 16, 2021. Take the time to note the following dispute reason codes for Visa. Updated August 23, 2023. Vantage HouseChargeback Reason Codes; BIN Lookup; ROI Tool; Company. ) A no-nonsense summary of evidence that proves transaction is legit.